(bridge)                        Send note to Paul Prueitt .                      (SBF1. .)

 

We ask that comments and discussion on this series be made in the Yahoo groups from, eventChemistry.

 

SBF1 – Introduction to the Sowa-Ballard Framework

SBF2 – Ontological Primitives, derived by Sowa and Ballard

SBF3 – Data regularity within the Ontological Primitives

 

 

The Sowa -Ballard Framework 4

 

Mapping Viewpoints and Differences Between Viewpoints

 

 

The use of these frameworks allows one to map

 

vulnerabilities/threats

structure/function

substance/form

demand/supply

 

using multiple separate analysis of events - seen from different viewpoints. A cross level analysis of the relationship between substance and form, from phonology co-occurrence in audio recordings, can also be established as a means to predict function from sub-structure. 

 

We have conjectured (August 14, 2002) that the function of a phone call might be thus reduced to a set of semantic primitives that are language independent.  The cross level analysis is consistent with Prueitt’s theory of stratified complexity, but as yet has not been tested.  Testing this conjecture would be straight forward provided the availability of properly annotated voice communications in the various contexts of interest. 

 

cA/eC is used to visualize the categories of data regularity and to develop the co-occurrence maps for generalized latent semantic indexing.  Human annotation is then possible using the existing OSI browsers.

 

So, for example someone can use the Zachman Framework at DARPA or NSF as this person examines the descriptions of active R&D programs. 

 

A different person who is in industry would review the same documents and obtain a different set of descriptive elements - reflecting the company’s capabilities and wishes.

 

More interesting, perhaps, is the comparison of the viewpoint of the program manager and the industry person.  One is interested in an overall picture of R&D from the institutional viewpoint, whereas the other is interested in new business development.

 

The technique would appear to be a process for mapping the market potential for company capabilities.

 

The Sowa-Ballard Framework

 

{ independent, relative, mediating }

{ physical, abstract }

{ occurrent, continuant, universal }

 

is considered to be more general than the Zachman Framework.  At issue for General Framework Theory (Prueitt, 2002) are such things as formal or semi-formal translation of content from one framework “form” to another framework “form”.  The naming of the enumerations provides part of the definition of a framework form, as does the dimensions of the framework matrix. Such Schank type scripts (with slots and fillers) has been part of the AI literature, and because data entry forms are frameworks (but not often recognized as frameworks), we have the basis for examining data regularity within context where the data is acquired from humans via a framework.  In most cases the ‘frameworks” are not well enumerated and reflect underlying problems with data modeling using Codd normal form relational databases.  Some, such as the CoreTalk group, see this confusion over data models diminishing as the frameworks are learned through experience. 

 

The frameworks do not lead to the same type of database system that is the standard “relational data base”.  The OSI Knowledge Operation System is simpler, fully interoperable (non-proprietary from the beginning), and is grounded in a stratified complexity paradigm based on cognitive neuroscience and the physics of regularity as expressed at various levels of organization, including electro-magnetic spectrum and in human organization of personal knowledge.

 

The Sowa-Ballard Framework addresses such a high level of abstraction that any sequence of events can be annotated by providing descriptions for the elemental primitives.  However, one has to “bend one’s mind” a bit to get to the philosophical and metaphysics import.  Thus for software development in a domain, such as the analysis of threat events, one needs the concreteness of the Zachman Framework or sometime like the Zachman.

 

Another issue is about how might one derive the Zachman form from the Sowa-Ballard form?  Is this even possible?  Both of these forms have a claim to universality.  In either case the justification is a matter of some interest. 

 

Clearly the Sowa-Ballard Framework finds justification in historical trends from logic and philosophy, and ultimately a theoretical construct that Ballard has worked out (but not fully published, as yet).  Ballard has been historically involved in intelligent tutoring systems, and the modification of the earlier Sowa Framework reflects that need to increase the set of primitives from 12 (Sowa) to 18 (Sowa-Ballard) via the introduction of the descriptor “universal” to the Sowa enumeration { occurrent, continuant }.  This increase added what is needed to bring the self-image of a person learning into the framework.  Universality is contrasted with the (local and situated) occurrence of something or the continuation of something.  In this way, Ballard has introduced a stratification principle into the 12 – primitive Sowa Framework. The Ballard Framework is then more paradigmatically consistent, than the Sowa Framework with the tri-level architecture for machine intelligence developed by Prueitt.

 

Just as clearly, the Zachman Framework is based on the regularity of the enumeration of six interrogatives.  This is an empirical justification having some weight.  The five roles, in the Zachman, does also seem to have a universality that is observed when one starts to become comfortable in using the Zachman.  

 

To be complete on this issue of what are the fundamental Frameworks, one has to note the work of Pospelov that suggests that there is a periodic table related to the semantic primitives as expressed in languages.

 

The I-Ching is also a Framework whose use in “knowledge management” goes back at least 3000 years.

 

The Zachman Framework takes a specific orientation towards complex processes that are produced by the combined effects of the five roles { planner, owner, designer, builder, subcontractor } with six interrogatives.  The interrogatives are classical and have seen wide use in analytic methodology. If we are to consider the intrusion detection domain we might select a different enumeration of roles, but keep the same interrogatives as the Zachman

 

{ what, how, where, who, when, why }.

 

Some thought needs to be applied here, but perhaps the five roles for intrusion detection are

 

{ social entity, controller, architect, agency, proxy }

 

Of course this incident role description is the “same” as the Zachman, except we have used terms that perhaps fit the language used by computer emergence response teams.  But the meaning is focused and quite different.  Why/proxy is different form why/subcontractor, because proxy and subcontractor have similarities but also differences in contextual meaning. 

 

In developing a trending analysis of cyber events a community can use the Incident Framework.  This methodology is quite simple and the cost of placing an Incident Framework into deployment status is really not the issue.  The issue is in communicating to the Power That Be (PTB) the ease and value of the methodology. 

 

The interface between the Incident Framework and the visual rendering of categorical Abstraction (cA) will be demonstrated sometime, for the first time, in September 2002. 

 

A similar framework can be established for trending events related to the examination of satellite imagery and intelligence communications.  Again, the issue is in communicating to the PTB.

 

In either case, there is structural regularity in the:

 

1)        Textual expressions that are used within each of the 30 primitives.

2)        Co-occurrence of expression type between primitives in the case event.

 

This regularity promises a non-statistical predictive analysis methodology that is easy to understand by analysts working on event trending.

 

The approach being suggested is in fact stratified as the decomposition of events into substructure is done in such a fashion as to allow similarity analysis and human annotation to develop low cost, agile event knowledge bases.

 

(bridge)                       Comments can be sent to ontologyStream e-forum .                 (SBF1. .)